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Introduction
A running shoe’s purpose
is to protect the foot and to achieve your maximum potential
while running. There are some great runners and some may even
say legends from Ethiopia and Kenya that run barefooted but
for most runners in the west we must wear running shoes. A general
purpose trainer is exactly what the name suggests; it can be
used for all types of sports. Sports specific shoes are essential
and in the case of runners a cross trainer is ideal.
Concept
The general concept of the
running shoe is that it should facilitate horizontal running.
Running shoes usually have a slightly larger toe box to accommodate
the increased pressure on the mid foot during the running stride.
Most running shoes have a slight heel raise to reduce stress
on the lower leg and increase ankle stability. Greater shock
absorption and medial posts (arch support) are also a feature
of many running shoes. Research suggests that you have a 1 second
per mile improvement for every once less of running shoe you
use. This can help many runners achieve personal bests but if
you have a biomechanical complaint or are prone to injury than
the lighter running shoes may cause further problems. The lighter
running shoes are usually racing shoes. Do not wear racing shoes
for races only as this can lead to a running injury. An important
point to remember is that racing shoes are lighter but have
less shock absorption and stability.
Shoe buying tips
• Go to specialist
running stores. I have personally found that the level of advice
and the quality of the shoe is much greater in comparison to
a high street sports shops.
• Wear the same socks that you intend to run in for proper
fitting.
• Buy your running shoes later on in the day when your
foot is at its widest. The human foot tends to expand by a few
millimeters and in some people it can expand up to 2cm at the
end of the day.
• Get your feet measured every time you buy running shoes.
• Change your running shoes after 350-400 miles as the
mid sole and the heel begins to degenerate. The shoes can still
be worn for causal wear but are not suitable enough for the
pressure of running.
• Make sure you have a finger width of span at your great
toe in the box of the shoe. This simple technique will insure
that you do not damage your toes while running.
• Do not buy shoes that are too loose or constrictive
in width or length.
• Insure you have strong laces for your running shoes.
Do not tighten your laces too tightly or too loosely as this
can result in a loss of stability and over pronation (foot imbalance).
• CARDINAL SIN - Do not wear
new running shoes for a race; always ensure that you run at
least 50 miles in them before you run a race or a long run.
Signs of Wear and Tear
It is normal to have shoe
wear on the outer aspect of the heel but if you have shoe wear
on the inner heel than this must be examined by a sports podiatrist.
The runner may have severe over pronation which can lead to
conditions such as heel spurs, achilles pain, shin pain, knee
pain, quadricep pain and other running injuries. Most short
distance runners will show greater fore foot wear as there is
more pressure being applied to this area. Uneven shoe wear in
the fore foot area may be characteristic of a condition called
fore foot varus (over pronation). Excessive shoe wear on the
lateral (outer) aspect of the fore foot and heel area can be
a result of a rarer condition called over supination.
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