| Millions of people taking vitamin
supplements will today be urged to exercise caution by the Department
of Health over fears that in some cases they may do more harm
than good.
“Most people are able to meet their nutritional needs
by eating a balanced, varied diet including plenty of fruit
and vegetables, and therefore do not need to take dietary supplements,”
a spokesperson said last night.
The advice, following a large review of scientific evidence
first published last year and reported in The Times, comes as
scientists appeal for greater regulation of vitamin supplements.
“There is a need to exercise caution in the use of high
doses of purified supplements of vitamins, including antioxidant
vitamins, and minerals, as their impact on long term health
may not have been fully established and they cannot be assumed
to be without risk,” she said.“Anyone concerned
about their diet should speak to their doctor or dietitian.”
The review of 67 studies involving more than 230,000 people
is republished today by the Cochrane Collaboration, an international
organisation for evidence-based research. The review found no
evidence that the nutrition supplements extend life. On the
contrary, vitamins A and E and beta carotene appear to slightly
increase premature death rates among those taking them. Vitamin
C and selenium have no effect.
When the different antioxidants were assessed separately, trials
with a low risk of bias were included and selenium excluded,
vitamin A was linked to a 16 per cent increased risk of dying
prematurely, beta-carotene to a 7 per cent increased risk and
vitamin E to a 4 per cent increased risk. However, there was
no significant detrimental effect caused by vitamin C.
“We found no evidence to support antioxidant supplements
for primary or secondary prevention,” the authors said.
“Beta-carotene, vitamin A and vitamin E given singly or
combined with other antioxidant supplements significantly increase
mortality.
“There is no evidence that vitamin C may increase longevity.
We lack evidence to refute a potential negative effect of vitamin
C on survival. Selenium tended to reduce mortality but only
when high-bias risk trials were considered. Accordingly, we
need more research on vitamin C and selenium.”
The reviewers now say that they want more regulation of the
health supplements industry and make a plea for urgent political
action.
Pamela Mason, nutritionist and spokeswoman for the Health Supplements
Information Service, which is funded by a grant from the Proprietary
Association of Great Britain, said: “Antioxidant vitamins,
including these noted in this Cochrane review, are essential
for health.
“Trials using antioxidant supplements have shown inconsistent
findings and yet another review or meta-analysis is not going
to tell us anything at this stage that we don’t already
know.”
Source: Times Online
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article3754205.ece

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