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After a year's oral administration of green tea catechins
(GTCs), only one man in a group of 32 at high risk for prostate
cancer developed the disease, compared to nine out of 30 in
a control, according to a team of Italian researchers from the
University of Parma and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
led by Saverio Bettuzzi, Ph.D.
Their results were reported at the 96th Annual Meeting of the
American Association for Cancer Research.
"Numerous earlier studies, including ours, have demonstrated
that green tea catechins, or pure EGCG (a major component of
GTCs), inhibited cancer cell growth in laboratory models,"
Bettuzzi explained. "We wanted to conduct a clinical trial
to find out whether catechins could prevent cancer in men. The
answer clearly is yes."
Earlier research demonstrated primarily that green tea catechins
were safe for use in humans. Bettuzzi and his colleagues had
found that EGCG targets prostate cancer cells specifically for
death, without damaging the benign controls. They identified
Clusterin, the most important gene involved in apoptosis, or
programmed cell death in the prostate, as a possible mediator
of catechins action. "EGCG induced death in cancer cells,
not normal cells, inducing Clusterin expression" said Bettuzzi.
To gauge susceptibility for prostate cancer among their research
subjects, the team of Italian scientists recruited men with
high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia - premalignant
lesions that presage invasive prostate cancer within one year
in nearly a third of cases and for which no treatment was given.
Eligible men were between 45 and 75 years of age. Vegetarians
and men consuming green tea or derived products, or those taking
anti-oxidants or following anti-androgenic therapy were excluded.
Of the 62 volunteers, 32 received three tablets per day of
200 mg each GTCs; the remainder were given a placebo. Follow-up
biopsies were administered after six months and again at one
year. Only one case of prostate cancer was diagnosed among those
receiving 600 mg daily of GTCs, while nine cases were found
in the untreated group. The 30 percent incidence rate among
controls is consistent with previous findings, as was the absence
of significant side effects or adverse reactions.
The interest in green tea catechins and other polyphenols -
antioxidants found in many plants that give some flowers, fruits
and vegetables their coloring - derives from traditional Chinese
medicine, and the observation of lower cancer rates among Asian
populations.
Bettuzzi observed that the Mediterranean diet is rich in vegetables,
and lower rates of prostate cancer are found in that region,
as well.
The 600 mg-per-day dosage of caffeine-free, total catechins
(50 percent of which is EGCG) given to participants in the Italian
study is one or two times the amount of green tea consumed daily
in China, where ten to 20 cups a day is normal.
"We still don't know enough about the biological processes
leading to prostate cancer," Bettuzzi noted. "The
only thing we know for sure is that prostate cancer is diffuse,
related to age and more prevalent in the West. Thus, prevention
could be the best way to fight it. Although our follow-up will
continue for up to five years, a larger, confirmatory study
is needed."
Even so, Bettuzzi hints at the exciting prospect of using green
tea catechins as a prophylactic against prostate cancer in men
believed to be at higher risk, such as the elderly, African-Americans,
and those with a family history of prostate cancer.
Founded in 1907, the American Association for Cancer Research
is a professional society of more than 24,000 laboratory, translational,
and clinical scientists engaged in all areas of cancer research
in the United States and in more than 60 other countries. AACR's
mission is to accelerate the prevention and cure of cancer through
research, education, communication, and advocacy. Its principal
activities include the publication of five major peer-reviewed
scientific journals: Cancer Research; Clinical Cancer Research;
Molecular Cancer Therapeutics; Molecular Cancer Research; and
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. AACR's Annual
Meetings attract more than 15,000 participants who share new
and significant discoveries in the cancer field. Specialty meetings,
held throughout the year, focus on the latest developments in
all areas of cancer research.

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